Check our search engine for further details! Vancouver is a big port city in British Columbia, Canada. It is surrounded by mountains and it counts with a great cultural scene. Vancouver Airport YVR. YVR Airport is located 7. Vancouver Airport counts with three runways. This win makes it the first and only airport to receive the top accolade for nine years in a row. Plans include building one of the largest GeoExchange systems in Canada and significant terminal expansions, as well as new parking options.

If you look at most of the major airports across Canada, most three letter codes begin with the letter Y. From there, the abbreviation is less odd, and easy to understand. V is for Vancouver, and the R is the last letter of the word. With that being said, Vancouver can be a sassy city, and residents enjoy drawing up their own ideas of what it stands for. Regional » Airport Codes. Miscellaneous » Unclassified. Governmental » Military. We're doing our best to make sure our content is useful, accurate and safe.

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Birthday: August 21, Age: 35 Sign: Leo. Contact Usain Bolt Plus Get:. For example, click on a company to see the address, phone and fax number plus a list of employees who work there. Bolt is the first athlete to win four World Championship medals in the metres, and he has three World Championship titles in the metres.

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Bolt set a personal best time of Show location URL View at google. Allow map scroll. Bolt has run his way in the hearts of the world. Usain Bolt is by far one of the highest paid athletes in the world. All he has to do is wear their brand of shoes. Bolt also makes money through appearances and prizes. But his name brings huge draw, as once nearly 55, fans came out to watch Usain run.

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It also ensures that all elements of the system—applications, devices, and user interface—can take advantage of the vast improvements in power management technology and capabilities.

The Windows operating system uses power-management hardware to put the computer into a low-power sleep state instead of shutting down completely, so that the system can quickly resume working. The operating system will automatically enter the sleep state when the computer is idle or when the user presses a button to indicate that the current work session is over.

To the user, the system appears to be off. While in the sleep state, the computer's processor is not executing code and no work is being accomplished for the user. However, events in the system from both hardware devices and the real-time clock can be enabled to cause the system to exit the sleep state that is, "wake up" and quickly return to the working state.

When the computer is in the sleep state, the computer hardware, the system, and applications running on the computer must be capable of responding immediately to the power switch, communications events, and other actions.

If all applications handle power state transitions gracefully, the user will perceive a more elegant and integrated system. Applications that do not handle these transitions can fail when the power is turned off and then on, because of data loss or a dependency on a device that may have been removed.

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Contents Exit focus mode. The following are benefits of Windows power management: Eliminates startup and shutdown delays. The computer need not perform a full system boot when exiting the sleep state or a full system shutdown when the user initiates the sleep state. The PMS can also carry out load sharing, for example in order to distribute the load between several gensets or photovoltaic panels.

If power demand is approaching the maximum power generation capability of your installation, and it is not possible to activate extra power sources, for example on a ship at sea, the PMS may also be able to carry out load shedding, cutting out non-critical loads in order to lower power demand.

PMS solutions are available for all types of power source, for example grid power, gensets, batteries, and renewables such as wind turbines and photovoltaic panels. You can combine one or more of these power sources in a solution that balances the need for consistently reliable and sufficient power with the important objective of using more sustainable and renewable power sources.

With a PMS, you can contribute to a better climate while still getting optimal power management. In a PMS, the individual controllers controlling the power sources grid connection, gensets, batteries, and so on and breakers are all interconnected in a communication network.

The controllers constantly communicate over this network, exchanging information about the current load, their own power production capabilities, and the size of the current load on the power source they are controlling. Based on this information, the PMS calculates which power sources to use and how many power sources need to be active, and sends out commands as needed, for example to open and close breakers, crank gensets, and so on.

Using information from the controllers, the PMS can also detect if one or more power sources are becoming unstable or unavailable, taking action to prevent a blackout as described above. When running on gensets, a PMS will ensure that you only run the precise amount of gensets needed. If three gensets are enough to cover power demand, for example, there is no reason for keeping four gensets running in order to provide excess power that will only rarely be needed.

This reduces the fuel cost associated with running your gensets while also reducing wear and tear on the genset units. Modern PMSes with advanced technology often provide even more options that help you achieve efficient and economical operation. Here are a couple of examples:. In short, power management is the discipline of matching supply and demand, and power management systems PMSes can help you achieve this balance — automatically, economically and reliably.

Home Blog What exactly is power management? Share with friends. Constant power delivery A PMS constantly monitors your installation in order to detect if a power source becomes unstable or unavailable. Load handling The PMS can also carry out load sharing, for example in order to distribute the load between several gensets or photovoltaic panels. Suitable for renewables PMS solutions are available for all types of power source, for example grid power, gensets, batteries, and renewables such as wind turbines and photovoltaic panels.

How does a PMS work?

It is within this group, who constitute most breech fetuses at term, that a selective trial of labor will have the greatest benefit 36 Table CT, computed tomography. Measurement of the bony pelvis is performed to exclude borderline pelvic diameters. I advocate the use of radiologic measurement of the maternal bony pelvis.

Computed tomography scan reliably measures pelvic dimensions and the attitude of the fetal head. Magnetic resonance imaging also has been successfully used in this setting. Gimovsky and associates 38 expanded this to include a midpelvic diameter of greater than 10 cm Table Several authors have demonstrated the efficacy of this measure. Results of X-ray pelvimetry in a group of women undergoing a successful trial of labor under protocol. Because most patients will have undergone a failed attempt at ECV, I obtain pelvimetry at that time for the patient selected for a trial of labor.

Patients in whom we are unable to convert a breech presentation are unlikely to undergo spontaneous conversion. Alternatively, pelvimetry may be obtained on presentation in early labor. Computed tomography pelvimetric study. Lateral digital scout view for measurement of the anteroposterior diameters of the inlet and midpelvis. Anteroposterior digital scout view for measurement of the transverse diameter of the inlet and the interspinous diameter. Axial section through the femoral foveae.

This measurement tends to overestimate the interspinous diameter. When a trial of labor is undertaken with a breech-presenting fetus, it is crucial for an expedited cesarean delivery to be continuously available. The usual indicators of fetal well-being, as well as the adequacy of the progression of labor, will give rise to the indication for cesarean delivery on occasion.

The criteria clinically used in supervising the labor of a cephalic fetus should be applied to the selected term breech fetus. In my experience, as well as others, cervical ripening, oxytocin induction, and partographic analysis of labor are safe and efficacious. Augmentation, when indicated, should call for a thoughtful re-evaluation of all aspects of the situation. For example, is the fetal size less than g? Has descent occurred progressively during the second stage?

Cesarean delivery should be used liberally in all other circumstances. Fetal surveillance during labor and delivery should be continuous. After spontaneous rupture of membranes, internal monitoring may be used. Fetal heart rate patterns, particularly in the second stage of labor, may have pronounced variable decelerations.

In breech labor and delivery, compromise to the umbilical circulation may be more frequent but generally is without sequelae. In addition, the intensity and duration of vagal stimulation with its concomitant effects on the fetal heart rate is different than in cephalic labor and delivery.

Study of acid—base status at birth demonstrates a tendency to respiratory acidosis in breech vaginal delivery. This might explain a greater proportion of infants with lower Apgar scores at 1 minute. However, the base deficit in these infants generally is within the normal range.

Anesthesia considerations dictate the usefulness of regional anesthesia, as opposed to earlier approaches that used a combination of local and general techniques. As shown by Crawford, 42 regional anesthesia prevents premature maternal expulsive efforts, which should enhance the safety of delivery Table The second stage of labor should be managed under double-setup conditions. A gowned and gloved assistant, as well as anesthesia and pediatrics personnel, should be present.

The patient should be instructed and encouraged to push effectively. The fetal heart rate should be continuously monitored. A nullipara should be allowed to push for up to 2 hours, a multipara up to 1 hour. If delivery is not imminent, cesarean delivery should be performed, the diagnosis being a failure of descent. After lateral flexion of the trunk, the anterior hip is forced against and underneath the symphysis.

Expulsion follows, with delivery of the anterior and then the posterior buttock. Using a modified Bracht maneuver, a warm wet towel is placed around the fetal abdomen, and the fetus is grasped on the posterior aspect of the fetal pelvic girdle with care to avoid the fetal kidneys and adrenal.

A gentle downward traction is exerted. After the buttocks are fully expulsed, the back is born by rotation anteriorly. This allows the shoulders to enter the pelvis in the transverse diameter of the pelvic inlet.

If there is a failure of anterior rotation, the fetus will be born as a posterior breech, and the sequence of maneuvers used to help in delivery will differ as appropriate. As the anterior shoulder is seen at the introitus, the operator sweeps the right humerus across the infant's chest. With the infant delivered to the umbilicus, some authors recommend the use of uterine relaxants to facilitate the remainder of the delivery. The use of general anesthesia with halothane has been supplanted by parenteral betamimetics.

We have used small aliquots of intravenous nitroglycerin for this purpose. A Mauriceau—Smellie—Viet maneuver follows Fig. The fetus is placed abdomen down on the operator's right arm. The left hand supports the fetal neck.

The index and middle fingers of the right hand are placed on the fetal maxilla to help maintain flexion of the head. The assistant may apply suprapubic pressure to expel the after-coming head Naujok maneuver; Fig.

When delivery is further complicated by rotation of the fetal back posteriorly, a Prague maneuver allows for delivery of the occiput posterior breech variant. Forceps may be used to facilitate delivery of the after-coming head Fig. Maintenance of head flexion is crucial.

Traction is not required. The Piper forceps are specially designed for this task 45 and act as a class 1 lever. Because the fetal head is visible and should be aligned as in an occiput anterior position, any outlet forceps that may be applied as a simple pelvic application are indicated. Elliott forceps are particularly useful in this situation. Use of forceps may be helpful in a nulligravida or when the fetus is small and at term less than g.

The infant then should be handed to the pediatrician in attendance. A segment of umbilical cord for acid—base analysis should be routinely obtained. Attention then can be directed to completion of the third stage of labor, as well as the repair of the episiotomy and genital tract lacerations. A full dictated operative note should be completed at the time of delivery. The entire process of the labor, delivery, and immediate neonatal outcome should be referenced.

Mention of each specific step is warranted, along with clinical observations regarding the relative ease or difficulty of the delivery process. Most breech-presenting fetuses will be born by cesarean delivery. Attention to the details of delivery are of no less consequence in this group. When cesarean delivery is selected, the fetus should be evaluated before surgery using bedside ultrasound examination. A careful review of the fetus to diagnose extension of the head, the presence or absence of nuchal arms, and the location of the placenta should be made.

Although estimates of fetal weight may be less accurate for breech-presenting fetuses, an estimated fetal weight should be made using a standardized formula. These observations may be important in understanding neonatal concerns after cesarean delivery.

They allow both physician and patient to estimate the fetal condition just before birth. Important observations that have been confirmed before delivery include the presence of abnormal postures, broken bones, and the occasional transverse lie or even an undiagnosed second twin.

Cesarean delivery should be expedited if the patient is in labor. Short-term tocolysis has been used so that the most appropriate anesthesia can be administered.

Emergency cesarean delivery, with the greater risks of morbidity for both mother and child, should be chosen as a last resort. The abdomen generally is opened with a transverse-type incision. Surgical choice of incision may vary by maternal habitus, prior surgery, or operator preference.

Any incision may be used, as long as adequate visualization occurs and mobilization of the fetus is expedited. Palpation of the uterus before the uterine incision should confirm the presentation. A low cervical transverse incision should be made carefully in the midline and extended to a depth necessary to expose the membranes. This is easier to do in practice if the membranes are intact.

The important point is that the fetus may be incidentally incised if care is not taken. The infant born by cesarean delivery should be carefully examined after birth in this regard. The fetus should be rotated if necessary so that the back is anterior before delivery. The assistant applies fundal pressure as the operator guides the buttocks up through the uterine incision.

The use of force on the fundus allows the after-coming head of the breech fetus to remain in a flexed attitude. This approach also should minimize the loss of flexion of the fetal arms, which may result in a nuchal displacement. A warm, wet towel is wrapped around the fetal abdomen to protect the fetus from traumatic injury and to mitigate against the onset of breathing movements before delivery.

Thus, by the use of an assistant giving fundal pressure, delivery of a breech fetus at cesarean delivery mirrors an assisted vaginal breech delivery. Avoid total breech extraction at cesarean delivery: it is inherently more of a risk to the fetus than an assisted or spontaneous breech delivery. As with vaginal delivery, a section of umbilical cord should be sent for acid—base status. Attention is given to the description of the delivery process within the operative report.

The most important factor in neonatal outcome for all infants is gestational age. This also is true for breech infants. Many series, generally retrospective, some aided by meta-analysis, have studied the effect of mode of delivery on both immediate and long-term outcome. In the absence of congenital anomalies, laboring fetuses born ultimately by cesarean or vaginal delivery have similar outcomes, which are determined by gestational age and weight.

Prolapse of the umbilical cord that occurs before hospitalization or goes unrecognized, although uncommon at term, plays a serious and compromising role for preterm infants. In the single footling breech presentation, one of the baby's feet is pointed toward your cervix. In the double footling breech presentation, both of the baby's feet are pointed toward your cervix.

In a transverse lie, the baby is lying horizontally in your uterus and may be facing up toward your head or down toward your feet. Babies settle this way less than 1 percent of the time, but it happens more commonly if you're carrying multiples or deliver before your due date. If your baby stays in a transverse lie until the end of your pregnancy, it can be dangerous for delivery. Your provider will likely schedule a c-section or attempt an external cephalic version , which is highly successful for turning babies in this position.

In rare cases, your baby may lie diagonally in your uterus, with his rump facing the side of your body at an angle. Like the transverse lie, this position is more common earlier in pregnancy, and it's likely your provider will intervene if your baby is still in the oblique lie at the end of your third trimester. BabyCenter's editorial team is committed to providing the most helpful and trustworthy pregnancy and parenting information in the world.

When creating and updating content, we rely on credible sources: respected health organizations, professional groups of doctors and other experts, and published studies in peer-reviewed journals.

We believe you should always know the source of the information you're seeing. Learn more about our editorial and medical review policies. Ahmad A et al. Association of fetal position at onset of labor and mode of delivery: A prospective cohort study. Breech presentation. Hankins GD. Transverse lie. American Journal of Perinatology 7 1 A breech presentation could be a frank breech, footling breech or complete breech position. This is also sometimes called an incomplete breech position. Some breech babies can be safely delivered vaginally but not without an increased risk of damage to nerves, organs, bones or fetal head entrapment.

In addition, there is a much higher risk of umbilical cord prolapse UCP that can significantly cut off much needed blood and oxygen to your baby leading to hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy HIE or even fetal death. For these reasons, many breech babies are delivered by cesarean section C-section. If your baby is in a transverse lie he or she cannot be delivered vaginally because the entire body would not be able to fit through the birth canal sideways.

If labor is allowed to continue with a transverse lie it could lead to a uterine rupture and a lack of blood and oxygen to your baby. If they're still breech at around 36 weeks' gestation, the obstetrician and midwife will discuss your options for a safe delivery.

If your baby is in a breech position at 36 weeks, you'll usually be offered an external cephalic version ECV. This is when a healthcare professional, such as an obstetrician, tries to turn the baby into a head-down position by applying pressure on your abdomen. It's a safe procedure, although it can be a bit uncomfortable.

If an ECV does not work, you'll need to discuss your options for a vaginal birth or caesarean section with your midwife and obstetrician. If you plan a caesarean and then go into labour before the operation, your obstetrician will assess whether it's safe to proceed with the caesarean delivery.

If the baby is close to being born, it may be safer for you to have a vaginal breech birth.

Collections Expand submenu Collections Collapse submenu Collections. We are just a call away! Your cart. Close Cart. We have a good collection of diamond jewelry made in White Gold. Silver Ag is the cheapest of the 3 metals. MLA 8 Magno, Eva. Name required. Email required. Please note: comment moderation is enabled and may delay your comment.

There is no need to resubmit your comment. Notify me of followup comments via e-mail. Written by : eva. User assumes all risk of use, damage, or injury.

You agree that we have no liability for any damages. Gold is more valuable. Silver tarnishes, gold does not. Silver is more rare than gold. Author Recent Posts. Latest posts by eva see all. Silver is a shiny, precious metal valued for its beauty and electrical conductivity and has been used to create coins, decorative pieces and jewelry for centuries.

When silver is mixed with copper, it is called sterling silver. The type of jewelry you're looking to get will weigh heavily into your decision between white gold and silver. Read the differences between the two to help make your decision easier. However, keep in mind that the hardness of white gold depends on its purity ie: karats. Silver is among the most affordable types of metal for jewelry, making it perfect for costume jewelry that you rotate with your wardrobe. However, the extra durability of white gold does increase the price tag of the metal.

White gold costs more than silver, but less than platinum, making it moderately affordable. One of the most common metal allergies is Nickel, which can be used in both white gold and silver. As mentioned above, sterling silver is Regarding white gold, Nickel is generally used as the alloy, but often white gold is plated with Rhodium, a silvery-white metal in the platinum family.

The Rhodium plating will initially protect wearers from any nickel within the gold, but it will eventually wear off, which can leave the skin irritated if allergic. Every few years, your white gold piece will require a reapplication of rhodium plating by your jeweler, which easily restores the white finish.

Shot blasting uses abrasives to clean or smooth the surface to prepare it for processing; shot peening uses the plasticity of metal to prolong the life of the part. In shot peening, each shot acts as a ball-peen hammer. The process makes the surface of the metal part stronger and more resistant to cracks, fatigue, and corrosion. Manufacturers can also use shot peening to give the piece a textured surface.

Like with shot blasting, the choice of shot depends on the application. Shot peening usually involves steel, ceramic, or glass shots. The material is reusable, making it an efficient and cost-effective process for strengthening metal parts. Shot blasting and shot peening are both critical steps in the metal manufacturing process. Tuesday, January 23, May Choosing a Coating: Nylon Coating vs.

Its media must be in the exact and same diameter, to avoid unnecessary damage to the material upon impact. Shot Blasting is a process where prepare metal parts for additional process like painting or powder coating. Shot Blasting is essential step to ensure the coat sticks perfectly to the part.

This step also can clean off contaminants like dirt or oil, eradicate metal oxides such as mill scale or rust, or cleanse the surface to make it a new like. Simply put, people often use different shot terms interchangeably when they are referring to two completely different processes. This is the case with shot-blasting and shot-peening. Although both processes utilize shot technology, there is a significant difference between shot-blasting and shot-peening.

Like shot-blasting, shot-peening involves shooting abrasive materials at a metal surface through a centrifugal wheel. However, the goal here is not to clean the surface but to make it stronger. A blast machine needs media valves to regulate the flow of abrasive.

The inlet and outlet valves are vital components of the blast machine setup. They determine whether a pot is pressurized. Nozzles are needed to accelerate the abrasive out of the blast hose.

A blast machine also has various hoses: twin-line hoses, blast hose , and an inch hose. Last- but certainly not least- anyone who operates a blast machine needs to wear appropriate safety gear such as leather gloves, eye and hearing protection, abrasive-resistant clothing, and type-CE supplied-air respirator. Once you have all the equipment, your business is ready for shot peening! Back to Blog Homepage.

In addition, we used multiple sources of information for diagnoses which has been recommended Booksh et al. Thus, while formal measures were not used, we are reasonably confident that those diagnosed with ADHD truly had the disorder. Regardless, the use of malingering measures in future studies would help to improve confidence of valid diagnoses in ADHD samples.

A final limitation worth noting is that this study did not include a healthy control group. Instead, we used demographically adjusted scores that were based on healthy controls. Some of the healthy control normative data sets used different samples. This may contribute to some normative score differences.

On the other hand, this limitation also has the strength of making these results more relevant to clinical practice since we employed the same normative data used by many clinicians. Furthermore, even if one were to argue that some of the differences may be due to normative groups, it is worth noting that the same normative sample was used for some non-timed EF measures WCST and timed measures Trails with greater differences found on the timed measures.

Furthermore, Trail A was still relatively lower than Trail B for both the groups, which not only used the same normative data, but has similar task demands though with less working memory requirements.

Thus, while the lack of a local group of healthy controls was a limiting factor, these findings still support the hypotheses. Although this study did not include any neuroimaging, the findings have some similarities to clinical populations with known white matter abnormalities.

Furthermore, other studies have shown an association between atypical white matter and cognitive difficulties associated with ADHD Konrad et al. The possibility that white matter abnormalities may be associated with both ADHD and RD has some practical implications. Further study should include healthy controls, more diverse populations, and seek to correlate processing speed difficulties with the degree of white matter abnormalities with diffusion tensor imaging among those with RD and ADHD.

Google Scholar. Google Preview. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide.

Sign In or Create an Account. Sign In. Advanced Search. Search Menu. Article Navigation. Close mobile search navigation Article Navigation. Volume Article Contents Abstract. Conflict of Interest. Katz , Lynda J. E-mail address : lkatz landmark. Oxford Academic. Franklin C.

Robert M. Sue R. Cite Cite Lynda J. Select Format Select format. Permissions Icon Permissions. Abstract In previous studies, children with both Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD and a Reading Disorder were found to have more difficulties with processing speed, working memory, and timed as opposed to non-timed executive functioning EF measures when compared with those with either disorder alone.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder , Reading disorder , Processing speed , Working memory , Neuropsychological assessment and cognition. Table 1. Significant correlations of dependent variables with GAI. Digit Span. Open in new tab. Table 2. Dependent variable. F 2, Google Scholar Crossref. Search ADS. American Psychiatric Association. Use visual posters, e. Create posters of commonly used words. Provide instructions in written form — could be a handout, whiteboard, or simply a sticky note.

Provide a key word outline to refer to while you are teaching. Encourage the use of checklists for multi-step tasks e. Encourage students to make lists of reminders regularly. Use graphic organizers to teach new concepts and information.

When the student can picture how the ideas are interrelated, they can be stored and retrieved more easily. Consider educational technology that reduces the demand on working memory, such as calculators, word processors, spell-check devices, grammar-check devices, and voice dictation and text readers.

Music and physical routines linked to fact learning can help students memorize faster and act as a cue for retrieving specific information.

Request students to paraphrase, or have another student paraphrase verbally delivered directions. Allow time for rehearsal and processing. Allow extra time for the student to retrieve information. These students benefit from advance warning that they will be asked a question.

Avoid open-ended questions. Active participation with the material such as repeatedly hearing it, seeing it and moving it, holds the information in working memory so it can move to long-term memory.

Let the students move around, use hands-on material and put information on file cards so they can be manipulated. Physical coding, such as consistent colours for different subject areas, can act as triggers to help students remember information. Spelling — highlight difficult parts of new words. Vocabulary — teach new words in categories or families and colour code the categories.

Try to get the students to link new information to prior knowledge — encourage drawing, writing and verbal reflection. The use metaphors, analogies, imagery or induced imagery where the image is generated by the individual, rather than given to them can help. End each lesson with a summary of what was learned. Teach students to listen for key words. Post the words in the classroom and frequently use them as cues while you teach.

Often students with working memory difficulties also exhibit word and information retrieval difficulties. The student may need additional time to retrieve details when answering a question. Cues may be necessary to help them focus on the correct bit of information or word. Thank you for this great information that has helped our family realize there is help out there for our daughter! If only we lived in Santa Monica, we would readily be at your center!

My daughter has suffered for years with low processing speed and below average working memory, anxiety, and inattentive ADD. As her parents, my husband and I have worked hard to ensure she has a detailed plan in school, attends therapy regularly, and gets the support she needs at home with homework. She is on medication for anxiety and ADD now, after years of trying non-medicated remedies, but she still struggles with completing classwork and homework in a reasonable amount of time. She is completely frustrated with the amount of time it takes her to complete a task, and is becoming unmotivated as the missing homework assignments pile up in the grade book.

Our daughter is a perfectionist and she tries for hours and hours to get her classwork and homework done. She has difficulty remembering chapters that she just read, and trouble understanding new math problems in Geometry.

She struggles with organizing her thoughts and writing essays, even when she has many great ideas swirling about in her head. She stays after school and uses her lunch period every day, Monday through Friday to complete unfinished tests and classwork. She rarely gets any homework assignments completed. She needs some type of brain training to build her processing speed and memory.

We just tried our first testing session and consultation at a Learning RX program. Unfortunately, we were not impressed with the program and it felt more like a pushy sales pitch than an educational program. We are looking for a treatment program, or anything that can help her boost her executive functioning skills. Our daughter is slowly giving up on herself and as a parent, it breaks my heart. Any suggestions? My center is now offering Skype sessions so that we can help students who are not in our area.

The first session is free to see if Skype will work with the student. We have found the distance learning sessions to be helpful. Contact me at Melissamullin kandmcenter. Working with her I will be able to determine what aspect of her processing is causing the slow processing and then create a plan to help her build her skills. Hi Dr. These kids, many of whom are diagnosed with ADHD, often have difficulty following directions and getting thoughts from their brain onto paper.

They struggle to keep information in mind. Understanding the relationship between slow processing speed and working memory is not easy because of the complexity of our brains and the overlap of these psychological constructs. The best explanation for this complicated relationship requires an understanding of the importance of working memory. Working memory is the ability to keep information in mind, monitor and update recent information, and use this information for learning and problem solving.

Working memory is assumed to have two major types, verbal and visuospatial working memory. However, it is limited by the amount of information individuals can hold in mind and how long they can access it.

Consider this brief analogy for the mechanisms of verbal working memory written in a comprehensive research article about this topic by Astrid Fry and Sandra Hale:. A single, continuous loop of audiotape that records verbally encoded information. Presumably, information that is recorded onto the tape loop is lost through decay or interference from new information unless it is rehearsed or transferred to long-term memory storage.

A child with flexible thinking issues might find it intolerable to switch from play mode to school mode and get very upset when asked to. Paying attention. The teacher is giving a lesson in fractions at the front of the room. Starting, planning and organizing tasks. The coach asks the team to clean out and organize their lockers.

A child with slow processing speed can figure out a plan—eventually. In both cases, the kids remain in the locker area, struggling, while the others move on to the equipment room. Is it a matter of skill or speed or both? The only way to know for sure is to have your child evaluated.

Discover games that build executive skills. And learn ways to help your child with slow processing speed take notes in class. A full evaluation can determine if your child has slow processing speed, executive functioning issues or a mix of both.

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It only takes a minute to sign up. This includes the 92 Johnson solids, 13 Archimedean solids, 5 Platonic solids and two infinite familes - prisms and antiprisms. However, I see two ways of extending this definition to 4D:. The list I gave above is known to be complete. But is there at least partial progress on the 4D case?

The second definition is much more restrictive, so maybe a complete classification of polychora, which satisfy 2 exists. Can you point me to some reference, please? There is some information on your first extension to 4D in Anton Sherwood's Johnson solids webpages. He calls the class CRF s: convex and regular-faced. A subset of your second extension to 4D was apparently studied by Roswitha Blind in : convex, with facets regular polyhedra, but not necessarily uniform.

Although there is a wealth of information in these webpages, I am not finding it easy to extract a clear status summary. A "segmentochoron. Blind, Roswitha. The set of convex polytopes, where their facets are bound to be regular, indeed are the polytopes already investigated by Gerd and esp. The set of convex polytopes, where only its polygonal faces are bound to be regular, are known as CRF convex, regular faced polytopes.

This set is much vaster and by no means fully classified. The Archimedean polyhedra consist of all vertex-transitive convex polyhedra whose faces are all regular polygons , excluding:. The Johnson polyhedra are all the other convex polyhedra whose faces are all regular polygons. Categories : Proven Results Convex Polyhedra. Navigation menu Personal tools Log in Request account. There are also infinite families of Prisms and Antiprisms. There exist exactly 92 Convex Polyhedra with Regular Polygonal faces and not necessary equivalent vertices.

They are known as the Johnson Solids. Polyhedra with identical Vertices related by a symmetry operation are known as Uniform Polyhedra. There are 75 such polyhedra in which only two faces may meet at an Edge , and 76 in which any Even number of faces may meet.

Phytoplankton, which release oxygen through photosynthesis, are responsible for producing half of the world's oxygen. As well as forming the basis of marine food chains, these tiny organisms safeguard the Earth's atmosphere. Niki Fears has been a writer and editor for more than four years and has written for a number of major sites. She specializes in natural health, nutrition, herbalism, environment, religion and spirituality, traditional medicine, culture, folklore and myth, and alternative news.

What Plants Live in the Oceanic Zone? Climate in a Freshwater Biome. What Lives in the Photic Zone? Description of the Four Types of Aquatic Ecosystems. Marine Animals That Eat Plants. Plankton are incredibly important to the ocean ecosystem, and very sensitive to changes in their environment, including in the temperature, salinity, pH level, and nutrient concentration of the water. When there are too many of certain nutrients in the water, for instance, harmful algal blooms like red tides are the result.

Because many zooplankton species eat phytoplankton, shifts in timing or abundance of phytoplankton can quickly affect zooplankton populations, which then affects species along the food chain.

Researchers are studying how climate change affects plankton , from the timing of population changes to the hardening of copepod shells, and how those effects ripple through ecosystems. What are phytoplankton? Harmful Algal Blooms. If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service.

Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. You cannot download interactives. Marine ecosystems contain a diverse array of living organisms and abiotic processes. From massive marine mammals like whales to the tiny krill that form the bottom of the food chain, all life in the ocean is interconnected. While the ocean seems vast and unending, it is, in fact, finite; as the climate continues to change, we are learning more about those limits.

Explore these resources to teach students about marine organisms, their relationship with one another, and with their environment. Students explore major marine ecosystems by locating them on maps.

Students use marine examples to learn about energy transfer through food chains and food webs. They discuss how food webs can illustrate the health and resilience of an ecosystem. The marine ecosystem is made up of a complicated series interconnected energy producers—like plants and photoplankton—and consumers—from plant-eaters to meat-eaters, both great and small. Explore the lives and habitats of species that live under or near oceans, lakes, rivers, estuaries, and other marine regions around the world.

Join our community of educators and receive the latest information on National Geographic's resources for you and your students.

Skip to content. In spring and summer, phytoplankton bloom at high latitudes and decline in subtropical latitudes. These maps show average chlorophyll concentration in May — left and November — right in the Pacific Ocean. ENSO cycles are significant changes from typical sea surface temperatures, wind patterns, and rainfall in the Pacific Ocean along the equator. Compared to the ENSO-related changes in the productivity in the tropical Pacific, year-to-year differences in productivity in mid- and high latitudes are small.

Because phytoplankton are so crucial to ocean biology and climate, any change in their productivity could have a significant influence on biodiversity, fisheries and the human food supply, and the pace of global warming. Many models of ocean chemistry and biology predict that as the ocean surface warms in response to increasing atmospheric greenhouse gases, phytoplankton productivity will decline. Productivity is expected to drop because as the surface waters warm, the water column becomes increasingly stratified ; there is less vertical mixing to recycle nutrients from deep waters back to the surface.

Between late and mid, satellites observed that warmer-than-average temperatures red line led to below-average chlorophyll concentrations blue line in these areas. Graph adapted from Behrenfeld et al. Over the past decade, scientists have begun looking for this trend in satellite observations, and early studies suggest there has been a small decrease in global phytoplankton productivity.

For example, ocean scientists documented an increase in the area of subtropical ocean gyres—the least productive ocean areas—over the past decade. Hundreds of thousands of species of phytoplankton live in Earth's oceans, each adapted to particular water conditions. Changes in water clarity, nutrient content, and salinity change the species that live in a given place.

Because larger plankton require more nutrients, they have a greater need for the vertical mixing of the water column that restocks depleted nutrients. As the ocean has warmed since the s, it has become increasingly stratified, which cuts off nutrient recycling. Continued warming due to the build up of carbon dioxide is predicted to reduce the amounts of larger phytoplankton such as diatoms , compared to smaller types, like cyanobacteria. Shifts in the relative abundance of larger versus smaller species of phytoplankton have been observed already in places around the world, but whether it will change overall productivity remains uncertain.

As carbon dioxide concentrations blue line increase in the next century, oceans will become more stratified.

As upwelling declines, populations of larger phytoplankton such as diatoms are predicted to decline green line. Graph adapted from Bopp by Robert Simmon. These shifts in species composition may be benign, or they may result in a cascade of negative consequences throughout the marine food web.

Life Water. EO Explorer. At the time of publication, it represented the best available science. What are Phytoplankton? Importance of phytoplankton The food web Phytoplankton are the foundation of the aquatic food web, the primary producers , feeding everything from microscopic, animal-like zooplankton to multi-ton whales.

Climate and the Carbon Cycle Through photosynthesis, phytoplankton consume carbon dioxide on a scale equivalent to forests and other land plants. Return to: Importance of phytoplankton. Studying phytoplankton Phytoplankton samples can be taken directly from the water at permanent observation stations or from ships.

Global Patterns and Cycles Differences from place to place Phytoplankton thrive along coastlines and continental shelves, along the equator in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, and in high-latitude areas. Differences from season to season Like plants on land, phytoplankton growth varies seasonally. Long-term changes in phytoplankton Productivity Because phytoplankton are so crucial to ocean biology and climate, any change in their productivity could have a significant influence on biodiversity, fisheries and the human food supply, and the pace of global warming.

Species composition Hundreds of thousands of species of phytoplankton live in Earth's oceans, each adapted to particular water conditions.

Mastodon have straighter tusks and pointier teeth; mammoths have curled tusks and flat teeth. References Guthrie, R. New carbon dates link climatic change with human colonization and Pleistocene extinctions.

Nature Guthrie, R. Radiocarbon evidence of mid-Holocene mammoths stranded on an Alaskan Bering Sea island. Vartanyan, S. Arslanov, J. Karhu, G. Possnert, and L. Collection of radiocarbon dates on the mammoths Mammuthus primigenius and other genera of Wrangel Island, northeast Siberia, Russia.

Quaternary Research Veltre, D. Yesner, K. Crossen, R. Graham, and J. Patterns of faunal extinction and paleoclimatic change from mid-Holocene mammoth and polar bear remains, Pribilof Islands, Alaska. Scientists have attributed it to climate change and over-hunting. Scientists found that DNA mutations accumulated in mammoth populations, degrading their genomes and eventually leading to their extinction.

A BBC News story covering the research reported that. Their habitat was the mammoth steppe, a periglacial landscape with rich herb and grass vegetation. They grazed on leaves, shrubs, grasses and herbs. Mastodons were native to Africa, Europe and Asia, and later migrated to the Americas. Forest dwellers feeding on sylvan vegetation, mastodons were herbivores, both grazers and browsers. In addition to shrubs and grasses, they also grazed trees, mosses and twigs.

Mammoths lived 60 to 80 years, depending on their teeth. Mastodons lived for approximately 60 years. Both the mammoth and the mastodon had a social structure similar to each other and to that of modern-day elephants. The females lived in herds with the young. These herds were headed by a matriarch. Bulls lived solitary lives or in loose groups with other bulls. The mammoth and the mastodon diverge in classification at the family level.

The mammoth belongs to the Elephantidae family and Mammuthus genus. The mastodon belongs to the Mammutidae family and Mammut genus. Share this comparison:. If you read this far, you should follow us:.

Diffen LLC, n. Mammoth vs. These pygmy mammoths were smaller — about the size of a large horse — and more agile than their larger cousins, the American mammoth and the woolly mammoth. Mastodons were shorter and stockier than mammoths and not nearly as furry as woolly mammoths.

They also had longer, hairier tails, smaller ears and shorter tusks than mammoths. And now you know the difference, should it pop up on trivia night or during an episode of "Jeopardy. Sign up for our Newsletter! Mobile Newsletter banner close. Mobile Newsletter chat close. Mobile Newsletter chat dots. Mobile Newsletter chat avatar. Mobile Newsletter chat subscribe. Extinct Animals. Prehistoric Animals.

What's the difference between a mammoth and a mastodon? Yes, they're both huge and furry -- but there are some significant differences between mammoths and mastodons.

Lock Stitch. Chain stitch is formed by two or more sets of threads named needle thread and looper thread. Lock stitches are formed by two sets of a thread named needle thread and bobbin thread. Thread consumption of chain stitch is higher than lock stitch.

Thread consumption of lock stitches is less than chain stitches. In the case of chain stitch, sewing threads are bound together by interloping and interlacing. Here, sewing threads are bound together by interlacing. Seam puckering possibility is more here. In the garments manufacturing process normally lock stitch is mostly used in collar, front pocket, bottom hem and undergarments.

Some major differences between chain stitch and lock stitch are given below-. That is a F. It utilizes 2 needle threads and 2 looper threads.

Generally used in the loosely woven knits, sweats, and other seams where extra seam strength is needed as well as flexibility in the seam. Some denim guys use the seam to help reduce material edge raveling.

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Beeing vs. Amature vs. Lieing vs. Preferred vs. Omage vs. Finally vs. Attendance vs. Latest Comparisons Tubercule vs. Glyptal vs. Faucet vs. Com vs. Destroyable vs. Aboriginal vs.

Coelomate vs. Ocean vs. Judge vs. Flag vs. Forbear vs. Stitch is made to join two or multiple fabric or other sheet together. Let's talk about Sewing Tools and Notions.

You need them to cut your fabric and thread. Pins and Pincushion s Iron and Water Sprayer. Thimble and Threader. Pattern weights. Seam Ripper and Tweezers. Hand Sewing Stitches. The running stitch is the most basic of the hand sewing stitches, and has many variations. Write Your Answer. Similar Asks What size file do I need for a.

What is the pitch of the chain? What is a 35 chain? How much does a supply chain manager earn? What is the work of supply chain?

The hops and barley when combined together deliver those gorgeous sensational aromas, just like barley malt, there are many types of hops, here are some examples: Fuggle, Citra and Cascade and of course there is loads more, why not check out the many different types of hops available on The British Hop Association!

Preparing The Beer. Once that step is completed, it is important and I must reiterate this, the casks should not be disturbed for 24 hours! Now just to bear in mind, most cellars use something called automatic stillage this is where the cask is resting on its belly horizontally, but some pubs also use vertical stillage, this is where the cask is left standing upwards.

Using your wooden mallet, you need to strike at the keystone which is on the front of the cask and gently hit the tap into the cask. Once this step has been completed, again the beer has to be left, this is because the beer inside has to be disturbed in order for you to prepare it! Now, looking at Keg Ale things work a little bit different, unlike cask beer where the beer has to be left and not disturbed for three days, as soon as your keg ale delivery has arrived at your cellar, the beer can be served straight away!

There is no mallet needed or any pegs, or that is required is basically a keg coupler which sits on top of the keg and then is twisted and pull downwards and then happy drinking. Beer O Clock. After completing all of these steps on the preparation of your beer, it is now all ready to be served to your general customers and you can finally commence the happy drinking! If you have any questions, that you would like to ask me, please do post them in the comments, until next time everyone, have a fantastic Bank Holiday Weekend!

I did a whole course in cellar management and beers etc as part of one of my older jobs and loved it. This was just like that but without the beer to drink at the same time!

Like Liked by 1 person. I found it very interesting when I did my course, it was really enjoyable. Like Like. Hey Luke. As with all good things, it sounds like Keg ale is the less delicate and involved process and can be consumed straight away, making it easier to get into the hands of pub goers.

While I have nothing against something more convenient, I love that cask ale requires more attention and finesse. The patience factor always attracts me. Thanks for sharing an informative and well-written guide! I believe this is why many people enjoy cask ale because it has to be truly and well looked after. You are commenting using your WordPress. Kegs are used to store beer, and other alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks. Kegs have a single opening on one end, called the bung.

Instead, a gas pump fitted in the drinking establishment will be connected via a hose, into the keg, which pushes the carbon dioxide in, and the drink out. Different gases are sometimes used for smoother beers like stouts. The system is cleverly set up to pump out near enough all the liquid in the keg, and alerting staff they need to change it. The bigger ones are used by pubs and clubs all around the world to pump beer into the draught taps at the bar. Casks are used to store beer, but also whiskey, wine, cognac, port, and other types of alcoholic beverages.

Cask ale , then, is also not a method of brewing, but one of containing and dispensing. They need a bit of time and care to produce a good end product. Pubs that do it well are the ones that get reputations for serving great beer and often win awards. The cask is then left for around 48 hours for the process to complete. Casks should last around 3 days before oxygen gets in and starts affecting the flavour negatively. All rights reserved. MLA 8 Kaushik, Nimisha. Name required.

Email required. Please note: comment moderation is enabled and may delay your comment. There is no need to resubmit your comment. Notify me of followup comments via e-mail. Written by : Nimisha Kaushik. User assumes all risk of use, damage, or injury. You agree that we have no liability for any damages. Summary: 1. Author Recent Posts. Nimisha Kaushik. Latest posts by Nimisha Kaushik see all. Help us improve. Rate this post! Cancel Reply.