Prior to departing to Cape Town he spent several months collecting used soccer equipment and sending it to various sites around the world. In Nike announced its support for a world-class football training facility in Soweto, South Africa. This program will provide football training and HIV-prevention education to 20, young people per year.
Such partnerships involve many organizations and many partners. Nike donates , pieces of sports equipment per year to this project. The project showed 26 World Cup matches to 24, people living in Cameroon and Ghana. The shows were combined with an AIDS-awareness campaign. Large screen equipment was set up at locations with limited television access. The locations then became sites for drama performances, quizzes and song contests relating to HIV and AIDS prevention, as well as the free distribution of condoms.
In addition, 4, attendees took HIV tests. Smaller businesses involved in the HIV struggle often at the local level. For example, Tati Nickel Mining Company in partnership with two South African government organizations funded a football tournament in the main purpose of which was the spreading of HIV-prevention information and awareness. Free HIV testing was provided. From individual teams to the world-wide sport organizations the HIV crisis has provoked a powerful response.
Several examples have been presented above of team and leagues roles in this effort. The program was particularly aimed at the Latino community, the racial group suffering the most from HIV in the area. Persons attending could receive free tickets as reward for being tested for HIV, HIV-prevention and anti-stigma literature was distributed to all attendees and star players were publicly HIV-tested to encourage fans to follow their example.
One may debate whether it is the Olympics or the World Cup that draw the most interest and the greatest number of viewers, but both play important roles in a wide range of social, health and development efforts.
It will encourage its constituents to participate fully in the effort. The IOC is neither a health organization nor an institution that traditionally addresses social issues. The IOC will, therefore, collaborate with existing expert structures of major organizations which are already in the field, in particular UN agencies with which it already has agreements of co-operation. It will also seek new partnerships with multi-lateral organizations such as the World Bank in this regard.
The statement goes on to note that all organs of the Olympic movement will be urged to take positive action against HIV. FIFA, as suggested by the several examples discussed above, is involved on a continuous basis in numerous HIV-related activities. Partnership with governments, businesses and NGOs is its major tactic. The examples below indicate a multifaceted and complex combination of partner organizations:.
The World Cup is a focal point of many of those undertakings, but it is also the generator for many special actions. Search for. Articles Authors Reviewers About the Journal. Title Author Keyword Volume Vol. Mark W. DeLancey [Bio-Data]. Correspondence to: Mark W. DeLancey E-mail: mwdelancey yahoo. The world community has brought together a widespread campaign built on the cooperation and partnership of international organizations, governments, private groups, and individuals to slow, stop, and rollback the spread of HIV Among the many strategies and tactics being used, football has become an important player.
The struggle takes place on many levels and in many ways and some quite unique tactics have been developed. In this complicated picture several things stand out. First is the great number of organizations involved. Second is the multilevel nature of this network, ranging from the actions of individuals; to NGOs and community-based organizations; to businesses, governments, and international organizations; and to major funding sources.
Third is the powerful role of partnering that links these organizations across the various levels at which they exist. Like the earlier effort to eradicate smallpox, 2 the world community has brought together a widespread campaign built on the cooperation of international organizations, governments, private groups, and individuals to slow, stop, and rollback the spread of HIV.
Among the many strategies and tactics being used, football has become a major player. Football players and fans, teams, and associations have taken on a tremendous challenge in becoming a part of the struggle against the spread of HIV and its effects upon humankind. Conclusion Footnote Reference At various times in human history significant outbreaks of disease, epidemics and pandemics have significantly affected local and world events.
Today, the world faces a similar situation. In Sub-Saharan Africa, the current center of the pandemic, several countries have reached such levels of infection that education, agriculture, business and industry, and even the governments and military forces are being negatively impacted. Social unrest, economic disaster and political instability in some countries and perhaps in some regions of the continent are possibilities.
In these early years, the disease was thought to be a problem of gay men and injecting drug users. In WHO received reports of 20, cases, including the first case from China. Only three years later, in , WHO estimated that between five and ten million people were HIV positive; by the estimate had increased to million.
All elements of the population were at risk; HIV was no longer seen as a problem only of gay men and injecting drug users, though the stigma attached to this myth remains a major problem. In there were about Approximately 2mn persons died of AIDS-related causes in , 1. Children and the young are an increasingly large proportion of the new victims; as of there were 2. Sub-Saharan Africa contained 67 percent of all persons HIV positive and 91 percent of all new infections among children.
Increasingly affected are women, who now represent Significantly, fewer than 40 percent of young people have basic information about the disease and possibly as many as 40 percent of persons carrying the virus are aware of their condition, a major factor encouraging the further spread of the disease. Sadly, as the publication of the latest UNAIDS report indicates, the number of new cases of infection outnumber by a ratio of five to two the number of persons starting treatment. A number of serious problems are associated with attempts to control the spread of HIV, to care for those infected with the virus, and to assist those affected indirectly by the virus such as orphans.
Most obvious is the need to inform people of the characteristics of the disease and its transmission and the means to prevent transmission, but there is also a thick haze of myth and misinformation that must be dispelled. For example, there is a frequently heard rumor that sexual intercourse with a virgin will rid one of the virus.
This encourages the spread of the disease in general but in particular to ever younger girls and boys. For those vulnerable 8 to infection, knowledge is only the first step; behavioral change is often required. Various local cultural values and practices may also influence the spread of HIV. A very important cultural factor is the attitude of men toward women, who are often seen by men as having few rights for example, the right to refuse to have sexual intercourse with their husbands and are often subjected to violence.
Education and frank discussion through the football experience may be useful in overcoming such issues. If not properly treated, up to 30 percent of such babies will be infected; a further percent may be infected via breastfeeding. This is almost totally preventable if funds are available for testing and medicine and if people, especially pregnant women, have the necessary information. It also leads to a fear of being tested for HIV, for should one be found positive and the news get out, social ostracism and job loss may result.
Ignorance is not bliss! Orphans are one such group. These children face enormous difficulties in societies that may not have the financial ability to provide for their care. Research for a cure and treatments, training of professionals to deal with the pandemic, and provision and administration of medicines are among the many and very large costs. Large amounts of funding are provided by international organizations, donor countries, NGOs and foundations, and individuals, yet there never seems to be enough money to undertake all that needs to be done.
Football soccer has become a major weapon or tool in the resolution of these problems. Players, teams, associations, and fans have joined the struggle. Cystitis usually occurs when the urethra and bladder, which are normally sterile , or microbe-free, become infected with bacteria. Bacteria fasten to the lining of the bladder and cause the area to become irritated and inflamed. Cystitis affects people of both sexes and all ages.
It is more common among females than males because women have shorter urethras. Around 80 percent of all urinary tract infections UTIs are caused by bacteria from the bowel that reach the urinary tract. Most of these bacteria form part of the healthy intestinal flora, but once they enter the sterile space in the urethra and bladder, they can cause a UTI. Elderly individuals may feel weak and feverish but have none of the other symptoms mentioned above. They may also present with altered mental status.
When children have cystitis, they may have any of the symptoms listed above, plus vomiting and general weakness. There are many possible causes of cystitis. Most are infectious, and the majority of these cases stem from an ascending infection. The bacteria enter from the external genitourinary structures. Risk factors include :. Women on hormone replacement therapy HRT have a lower risk of developing cystitis compared with menopausal women not on HRT.
However, HRT has its own set of risks, so it is not routinely used for the treatment of infectious cystitis in post-menopausal women. A doctor will ask the patient some questions, carry out an examination, and do a urine test. The urine test will either be sent to a laboratory, or the doctor may use a dipstick.
Urine dipstick results come back quickly while the patient is still in the office. A urine culture or catheterized urine specimen may be performed to determine the type of bacteria in the urine. After finding out which specific bacterium is causing the infection, the doctor will prescribe an oral antibiotic.
Most doctors will also offer to test for a sexually transmitted infection STI. You can have a baby being hiv positive. When they test positive for HIV.
HIV-positive means you are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Lil Wayne is not HIV positive. He has never stated to the public that the suffered from HIV. Neither the character or the actress are HIV-positive. Log in. Study now.
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