There are so many amazing and diverse types of art, but they can generally be categorized into one of seven categories. Understanding each distinct category of art is important to understanding its role in our lives and history.
The seven categories of art are:. Painting 2. Sculpture 3. Literature 4. Architecture 5. Cinema 6. Theater 7. From the days of cave paintings to our tech-inspired digital art, our history as artists and creatives has changed overtime.
That said, the categories themselves have stayed the same. Researchers have found cave paintings dating back to more than 40, years ago source. Instead, these prehistoric artists had to rely on whatever they could find. Dirt, charcoal, ochre, animal fat, and different types of natural materials came together to make pigments.
Then, water could be used to turn these pigments into pastes that were a consistency similar to paint source. This made it easier to spread on cave walls and create the artwork we marvel at today. Throughout history, painting has continued to be a mainstay of artistic culture. Sculpture does a good job of piggybacking off of painting, both in subject matter and longevity within human history source.
The oldest known sculpture was found in Germany and dated to over 35, years old source. Once fire was discovered, it became easier to use clay to make pottery, utensils, and other tools. Overtime, as tools and access to materials progressed, so too did the art of sculpture.
Artists could chip away at stone, marble, wood, and even bronze. Usually, the paintings do not leave any empty space and the gaps are filled by paintings of flowers, animals, birds and even geometric patterns. Characterised by the use of bright colours, Madhubani paintings make use of natural sources like plants and charcoal soot for their colour. You will be amazed to know that the yellow colour comes from turmeric, pollen or lime and the milk of banyan leaves, red comes from kusum flower juice, red sandalwood or rose, green from the leaves of apple trees, white from rice powder and orange from palasha flowers!
Surprisingly, the existence of this art form remained unknown to the outside world until the earthquake of when houses along the India-Nepal border tumbled down and the then British colonial officer in Madhubani district of Bihar stumbled upon these paintings on the walls of those homes! More than a thousand years old, Pattachitra is one of the oldest and most popular art forms of Odisha.
Known for its rich colours, attractive motifs, designs, and depiction of mythological figures or episodes, Pattachitra is characterised by the following themes: Thia Badhia — depiction of the Jagannath temple; Krishna Lila — enactment of Jagannath as Lord Krishna displayed his powers as a child; Dasabatara Patti — the ten incarnations of Lord Vishnu and Panchamukhi — depiction of Lord Ganesh as a five-headed deity.
Preparing the patta is the first step to the Pattachitra art. A task that takes around five days, the patta is prepared by making a tamarind paste, also known as niryas kalpa. This paste is then used to hold two pieces of cloth together and coated with a powder of soft clay stone until it becomes firm. As soon as the cloth dries, it is polished with a rough stone and then with a smooth stone or wood. The canvas is considered ready to paint once it becomes leathery.
The next stage involves preparing the paints to be used for this art. The gum of kaitha tree, powdered conch shells, lamp soot, etc. Pattachitra painters, traditionally known as chitrakars, primarily use bright colours like red, yellow, indigo, black and white. From being painted on palm leaves to silks, the Pattachitra art has come full circle. Mysore painting is an important South Indian art form that comes from the Vijayanagara School of painting.
While the origins of the art form can be traced back to the Ajanta times 2nd century BC to 7th century AD , it actually flourished and evolved under the patronage of the Vijayanagar empire.
The art form spread to places like Mysore, Tanjore and Surpur after the painters migrated to these areas post the fall of the Vijayanagar empire in the Battle of Talikota. However, these artists found a saviour in Raja Wodeyar I — A. D who rehabilitated their families in Srirangapatna. The successors of Raja Wodeyar continued to patronise the art by commissioning temples and palaces to be painted with mythological scenes.
While those specimens were destroyed during the war between the British and Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan, the art form continued to flourish under the patronage of Tipu Sultan as well. Characterised by use of bright colours and gesso work, Mysore paintings are known to inspire feelings of devotion and humility in the viewer. The themes of these paintings primarily revolve around Hindu gods and goddesses and scenes from Hindu mythology.
Gesso refers to a mixture of white lead powder, gambose and glue that is used as an embossing material and covered with gold foil. The gesso work in Mysore paintings is more intricate than in Tanjore paintings. With roots in the Vijayanagara School of painting, Tanjore painting also known as Thanjavur painting originated in the Maratha court of Thanjavur — Characterised by rich colours, glittering gold foils, extensive gesso work and the use of glass beads or precious and semi-precious stones, Tanjore painting is an amalgamation of Deccani, Vijayanagar, Maratha and even European or Company styles of painting.
Like most art forms of the ancient era, the subjects of most paintings are Hindu gods, goddesses, and saints. Episodes from Puranas and other religious texts were sketched or traced and painted with the main figure or figures placed in the central section of the picture mostly within an architecturally delineated space such as a mantapa or prabhavali surrounded by several subsidiary figures.
See also: Is Photography Art? Foremost among exponents of photographic art is the American Ansel Adams, a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a Guggenheim fellow and recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, noted for his black-and-white photographs of the American West. The leading contemporary Irish lens-based artist is Victor Sloan b. Among great modern exponents of fine art printmaking eg. A more narrow definition might restrict it to all works designed for a space accessible to the general public.
Sadly, most public art ends up in stores or offices staffed by public servants! See for instance Chinese Buddhist sculpture c. Note: Origami paper folding should also be classed as a plastic art. Sadly, the creators of the stained glass masterpieces in Chartres and other Gothic cathedrals remain anonymous, however their skills were kept alive by artists like Marc Chagall and Joan Miro , and - in Ireland - by such Irish artists as Harry Clarke , Sarah Purser and Evie Hone The most famous works were woven at the Gobelins tapestry and Beauvais tapestry factories in Paris, but see also the famous Bayeux Tapestry c.
Several Turner Prize Winners have been video artists. The leading video artist of the twentieth century is probably Bill Viola b. For more, see also Chinese Pottery and Chinese Painting. For a guide to the aesthetic principles behind Oriental arts and crafts, see: Traditional Chinese Art: Characteristics.
But see also our articles on German Medieval Art c. See also Holocaust Art , principally Jewish art of the Shoah. For more details about certain national styles, see: " Sumerian art " c.
See also: Mesopotamian Sculpture. Trajan's Column and its practical architecture bridges, aquaducts, roads , ancient Rome was also responsible for producing unique copies of many original Greek sculptures, without which many Hellenic treasures would have been lost forever.
Also known as Primitive Native Art, the category is sometimes extended to include certain early European artworks eg. Celtic La Tene. It primarily consists of stoneworks sculpture, temples , earthworks, and petroglyphs. Types of geometric abstraction are also called concrete art , or more confusingly non-objective art.
Both these terms mean the same. By contrast, abstract art consists of pictures that lack any clear identity, and must therefore be interpreted by the viewer. Because they were devoid of human representation, still lifes were regarded as the least important type of painting. All rights reserved. Nationale Nederlanden Building, Prague. An iconic example of Deconstructivism , a style of contemporary architecture pioneered by Frank O.
Prehistoric artists painted with lumpy pigment crayons and pads of moss, before upgrading to brushes made of vegetable fibre and animal hair. For colour pigments they used three varieties of clay ochre, red, yellow and brown , and charcoal for black. By the time of the Middle Ages, artists had developed both encaustic and egg-tempera painting methods, and were soon to explore the lustrous advantages of oils. New colour pigments came and went, as did a series of paint containers and colour charts.
Lastly, during the s - about 32 Millennia since the first cave paintings - chemists devised fast-drying acrylic paints. But despite all these developments in the art of painting, painters still had to draw their own images. Now, things are changing.
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